diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index 6b8e44c..4b742d5 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # CHANGELOG
 
+- [2026-09-21 10:30] FEAT: v1.5 3D 门窗开合动画——①扇推断逻辑抽取为共享模块 inferSashGlyphs(types/drawing.ts), 2D 符号与 3D 动画共用; ②WindoorThreed 重写: 每个扇构建独立网格组(玻璃+扇框), 平开扇绕铰链旋转(od 定铰链侧, 门75°/平开32°/双向门40°), 推拉扇沿轨道平移(双扇前后轨交替), 区域归属扇的不再重复渲染静态玻璃; ③开合控制条: 开合度滑杆+自动演示(正弦摆动)+全开/全关, 平滑插值动画; 组合画布 3D 预览自动获得开合能力 (Files: frontend/src/types/drawing.ts, frontend/src/components/WindoorThreed.vue, frontend/src/components/WindoorCanvas.vue)
 - [2026-09-21 00:40] FEAT: v1.4 旋转编辑+方向核验+双向门符号。①组合画布旋转编辑: 选中单元⟲/⟳90°旋转(绕几何中心, 分割线法向/开向角度同步旋转)与水平镜像, 工具栏按钮+Del删除; Node数学验证(宽高互换/法向转轴/可逆性✓); ②数据方向核验: 以31729(扇上固定下)与31740(裙板下)真实图纸比对, 确认2D渲染Y翻转方向正确(模型+y=屏幕上); ③2D渲染补双向开启门虚线交叉符号(wtf/withTurningFrame) (Files: frontend/src/components/CombineCanvas.vue, frontend/src/components/WindoorCanvas.vue, frontend/src/views/CombineView.vue)
 - [2026-09-21 00:10] FEAT: v1.3 样板组合升级为画布形式——交互对齐原站画图编辑器(库面板可拖拽+shapeManager按位添加)。新组件 CombineCanvas: 拖拽样板入库投放(落点即中心)/自由拖移(同uid单元整体移动)/边缘吸附对齐(红色辅助线,12px容差)/点选高亮/底边对齐/Del删除/平移缩放; CombineView 重构为画布交互(拖放+点击双入口), 保留2D编辑与3D预览切换、另存我的样板(导出时剥离内部标记字段); 原"顺序拼接"模式由画布自由摆放取代 (Files: frontend/src/components/CombineCanvas.vue, frontend/src/views/CombineView.vue)
 - [2026-09-20 23:40] FEAT: v1.2 样板组合工场+组合3D渲染+菜单分组。①样板组合(/combine): 样板库作为子组件点击加入, 多单元紧贴排布(平移归一), 等高对齐(参考首单元缩放), 删除/左右调序, 组合结果为标准多形状 drawing_data(与渲染/报价/AI炫图/3D全链路兼容), 可另存为我的样板; ②组合预览支持 2D/3D 双模式(Three.js 直接渲染组合 sm[]); ③侧边栏菜单分组: 销售业务/设计制图/生产供应/系统; 算法经 Node 几何验证(6形状无缝拼接/高度0误差) (Files: frontend/src/views/CombineView.vue, frontend/src/views/LayoutView.vue, frontend/src/router/index.ts)
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/WindoorCanvas.vue b/frontend/src/components/WindoorCanvas.vue
index 1f1d15e..6f12f2c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/WindoorCanvas.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/WindoorCanvas.vue
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 import { onMounted, ref, watch } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'
 import {
-  bboxOf, parseDrawing, regionPoints, replayShape, spAxis, spPos,
+  bboxOf, inferSashGlyphs, parseDrawing, regionPoints, replayShape, spAxis, spPos,
   type DrawingData, type FrameShape, type Pt, type Segment, type SashShape, type SplitLine,
 } from '../types/drawing'
 
@@ -245,68 +245,8 @@ function drawFrame(
     ctx.strokeRect(x0 + inset, y0 + inset, (x1 - x0) - inset * 2, (y1 - y0) - inset * 2)
   }
 
-  // 扇(推断: 有效bd → polyId区域(双扇对半) → 帧bbox按扇数均分)
-  const regionBBs = regions.map(pts => bboxOf(pts))
-  type Glyph = { x0: number; y0: number; x1: number; y1: number; od: number; openToward?: string; isDoor?: boolean; wtf?: boolean }
-  const glyphs: Glyph[] = []
-  const bdRect = (bd: NonNullable<SashShape['bd']>) => {
-    const r = {
-      x0: Math.min(bd.from.x, bd.to.x), y0: Math.min(bd.from.y, bd.to.y),
-      x1: Math.max(bd.from.x, bd.to.x), y1: Math.max(bd.from.y, bd.to.y),
-    }
-    return !bd.hidden && r.x1 - r.x0 > 10 && r.y1 - r.y0 > 10 ? r : null
-  }
-  const pushGlyphs = (r: { x0: number; y0: number; x1: number; y1: number }, entries: any[], sub: SashShape) => {
-    for (const e of entries) {
-      glyphs.push({
-        x0: r.x0, y0: r.y0, x1: r.x1, y1: r.y1,
-        od: (e.od ?? sub.od ?? 90) as number,
-        openToward: (e.openToward ?? sub.openToward) as string | undefined,
-        isDoor: Boolean(e.isDoor ?? sub.isDoor),
-        wtf: Boolean(e.wtf ?? sub.wtf ?? sub.withTurningFrame),
-      })
-    }
-  }
-  const unmatched: { sub: SashShape; entries: any[] }[] = []
-  for (const sub of (shape.sm ?? []) as SashShape[]) {
-    const raw = (sub.sashes?.length ? sub.sashes : [sub]) as any[]
-    const entries = raw.filter(e => e && e.enabled !== false)
-    if (!entries.length) continue
-    const rect = sub.bd ? bdRect(sub.bd) : null
-    if (rect) { pushGlyphs(rect, entries, sub); continue }
-    const idx = sub.polyId?.idx
-    const rb = idx != null && regionBBs[idx] ? regionBBs[idx] : null
-    if (rb) {
-      if (entries.length === 2) {
-        const w = rb.x1 - rb.x0, h = rb.y1 - rb.y0
-        const halves = w >= h
-          ? [{ ...rb, x1: (rb.x0 + rb.x1) / 2 }, { ...rb, x0: (rb.x0 + rb.x1) / 2 }]
-          : [{ ...rb, y1: (rb.y0 + rb.y1) / 2 }, { ...rb, y0: (rb.y0 + rb.y1) / 2 }]
-        entries.forEach((e, k) => pushGlyphs(halves[k], [e], sub))
-      } else {
-        pushGlyphs(rb, entries, sub)
-      }
-    } else {
-      unmatched.push({ sub, entries })
-    }
-  }
-  if (unmatched.length && regions.length) {
-    const fb = bboxOf(regions.flat())
-    const K = unmatched.reduce((s, u) => s + u.entries.length, 0)
-    const colW = (fb.x1 - fb.x0) / K
-    let i = 0
-    for (const u of unmatched) {
-      for (const e of u.entries) {
-        glyphs.push({
-          x0: fb.x0 + i * colW, x1: fb.x0 + (i + 1) * colW, y0: fb.y0, y1: fb.y1,
-          od: (e.od ?? u.sub.od ?? 90) as number,
-          openToward: (e.openToward ?? u.sub.openToward) as string | undefined,
-          isDoor: Boolean(e.isDoor ?? u.sub.isDoor),
-        })
-        i++
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  // 扇(推断: 有效bd → polyId区域(双扇对半) → 帧bbox按扇数均分) — 共享推断模块
+  const glyphs = inferSashGlyphs(shape, rp.regions).sashes
   for (const g of glyphs) {
     const bx0 = tx(g.x0), bx1 = tx(g.x1), by0 = ty(g.y1), by1 = ty(g.y0)
     const w = bx1 - bx0, h = by1 - by0
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/WindoorThreed.vue b/frontend/src/components/WindoorThreed.vue
index a54a715..fd7fab7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/WindoorThreed.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/WindoorThreed.vue
@@ -5,23 +5,36 @@
       <span v-if="info">{{ info }}</span>
       <span class="hint">左键旋转 · 滚轮缩放 · 右键平移</span>
     </div>
+    <div class="ctrl" v-if="hasOpenable">
+      <span>开合</span>
+      <el-slider v-model="openPct" style="width: 160px" :min="0" :max="100" :format-tooltip="v => v + '%'" />
+      <el-checkbox v-model="autoPlay" size="small">自动演示</el-checkbox>
+      <el-button size="small" text @click="openPct = openPct > 0 ? 0 : 100">{{ openPct > 0 ? '全关' : '全开' }}</el-button>
+    </div>
   </div>
 </template>
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
 /**
- * 3D 窗型查看器（自研 Three.js 实现）
- * 从 drawing_data 重建：外框/中梃 → 型材盒体；玻璃区域 → 半透明玻璃板；
- * ArcBall 轨道控制（自实现，不依赖 three examples 以控制体积）。
+ * 3D 窗型查看器 + 门窗开合动画（自研 Three.js 实现）
+ * - 玻璃区域/中梃/外框静态重建（分割树重放）
+ * - 扇面板独立成组: 平开扇绕铰链旋转(门开角更大), 推拉扇沿轨道平移, 双向门两向开
+ * - 开合度滑杆 / 自动演示; 组合画布的多形状直接支持
  */
-import { onMounted, onBeforeUnmount, ref, watch } from 'vue'
+import { onMounted, onBeforeUnmount, ref, watch, computed } from 'vue'
 import * as THREE from 'three'
-import { bboxOf, parseDrawing, regionPoints, replayShape, type DrawingData, type Pt } from '../types/drawing'
+import {
+  bboxOf, inferSashGlyphs, parseDrawing, regionPoints, replayShape,
+  type DrawingData, type Pt,
+} from '../types/drawing'
 
-const props = defineProps<{ drawingData: string | object }>()
+const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{ drawingData: string | object; controls?: boolean }>(), { controls: true })
 const cvRef = ref<HTMLCanvasElement>()
 const wrapRef = ref<HTMLDivElement>()
 const info = ref('')
+const openPct = ref(0)
+const autoPlay = ref(false)
+const hasOpenable = ref(false)
 
 let renderer: THREE.WebGLRenderer | null = null
 let scene: THREE.Scene | null = null
@@ -29,6 +42,16 @@ let camera: THREE.PerspectiveCamera | null = null
 let raf = 0
 let orbit = { theta: -0.7, phi: 1.1, dist: 1.6, target: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0) }
 let dragging: { x: number; y: number; button: number } | null = null
+let sashAnims: {
+  group: THREE.Group
+  kind: 'sliding' | 'casement'
+  baseX: number
+  slideDir: number
+  hingeSign: number
+  maxAng: number
+  w: number
+}[] = []
+let curT = 0
 
 function dispose() {
   if (scene) {
@@ -51,67 +74,134 @@ function build(drawing: DrawingData) {
   const dir = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.9)
   dir.position.set(1, 2, 3)
   scene.add(dir)
+  sashAnims = []
 
-  // 全局包围盒（取全部基底区域）
   const pts: Pt[] = []
   for (const s of drawing.sm) {
     for (const r of replayShape(s).regions) {
       for (const seg of r) { pts.push(seg.ps); pts.push(seg.pe) }
     }
   }
-  if (!pts.length) { info.value = '无几何数据'; return }
+  if (!pts.length) { info.value = '无几何数据'; hasOpenable.value = false; return }
   const gb = bboxOf(pts)
   const gw = gb.x1 - gb.x0, gh = gb.y1 - gb.y0
   const maxDim = Math.max(gw, gh)
-  const S = 1 / maxDim                 // 归一化到 1 单位
+  const S = 1 / maxDim
   const cx = (gb.x0 + gb.x1) / 2, cy = (gb.y0 + gb.y1) / 2
-  const DEPTH = Math.max(0.04, (drawing.s?.cs ?? 60) * S * 1.2)  // 型材厚度
-  const GLASS_T = 0.008
+  const DEPTH = Math.max(0.04, (drawing.s?.cs ?? 60) * S * 1.2)
 
   const frameMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x636568, roughness: 0.55, metalness: 0.35 })
+  const sashMat = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x777c82, roughness: 0.5, metalness: 0.35 })
   const glassMat = new THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial({
     color: 0xdfeef5, transparent: true, opacity: 0.42, roughness: 0.08,
     metalness: 0.05, side: THREE.DoubleSide,
   })
 
+  const frameGroup = new THREE.Group()
+  const sashRoot = new THREE.Group()
+  scene.add(frameGroup)
+  scene.add(sashRoot)
+
+  const fwOf = (shape: any) => {
+    const ew = shape.fm?.ew ?? [60, 60, 60, 60]
+    return Math.max(0.02, (ew.reduce((a: number, b: number) => a + b, 0) / ew.length) * S)
+  }
+
   for (const shape of drawing.sm) {
-    const { regions } = replayShape(shape)
+    const { regions, sashes } = inferSashGlyphs(shape)
     if (!regions.length) continue
     const cm = shape.cm ?? {}
     const gm = cm.g
       ? new THREE.MeshPhysicalMaterial({
-          color: new THREE.Color(cm.g.replace(/rgba?\(([^)]+)\)/, (_, v: string) => {
+          color: new THREE.Color(cm.g.replace(/rgba?\(([^)]+)\)/, (_m: string, v: string) => {
             const parts = v.split(',').map(x => parseFloat(x))
             return `rgb(${parts[0]},${parts[1]},${parts[2]})`
           })),
           transparent: true, opacity: 0.45, roughness: 0.1, side: THREE.DoubleSide,
         })
       : glassMat
+    const fw = fwOf(shape)
+
+    // 判断每个区域是否属于某扇（区域中心在扇矩形内 → 由扇面板渲染）
+    const sashRects = sashes.map(s => ({ ...s, cx: (s.x0 + s.x1) / 2, cy: (s.y0 + s.y1) / 2 }))
 
     for (const region of regions) {
       const rpts = regionPoints(region)
+      if (rpts.length < 3) continue
       const bb = bboxOf(rpts)
       const w = (bb.x1 - bb.x0) * S, h = (bb.y1 - bb.y0) * S
-      const mx = ((bb.x0 + bb.x1) / 2 - cx) * S, my = ((bb.y0 + bb.y1) / 2 - cy) * S
-      // 玻璃板
-      const glass = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(w, h, GLASS_T), gm)
+      const mx = ((bb.x0 + bb.x1) / 2 - cx) * S
+      const my = ((bb.y0 + bb.y1) / 2 - cy) * S
+      const inSash = sashRects.some(r => {
+        const cxr = (r.x0 + r.x1) / 2, cyr = (r.y0 + r.y1) / 2
+        return Math.abs(cxr - (bb.x0 + bb.x1) / 2) < w / 2 && Math.abs(cyr - (bb.y0 + bb.y1) / 2) < h / 2
+      })
+      if (inSash) continue
+      const glass = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(w, h, 0.008), gm)
       glass.position.set(mx, my, 0)
-      scene!.add(glass)
-      // 四周型材框（盒体，宽度=料宽 8% 视觉比例）
-      const fw = Math.max(0.02, (shape.fm?.ew?.[0] ?? 60) * S)
+      frameGroup.add(glass)
+    }
+
+    // 扇面板（可开合）：玻璃 + 四周扇框，装入铰链/滑动组
+    sashes.forEach((s, k) => {
+      const w = (s.x1 - s.x0) * S, h = (s.y1 - s.y0) * S
+      if (w < 0.02 || h < 0.02) return
+      const cxr = ((s.x0 + s.x1) / 2 - cx) * S
+      const cyr = ((s.y0 + s.y1) / 2 - cy) * S
+      const group = new THREE.Group()
+      const panel = new THREE.Group()
+      const glass = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(w, h, 0.006), gm)
+      panel.add(glass)
+      const t = Math.max(0.018, fw)
+      const mkBar = (bw: number, bh: number, ox: number, oy: number) => {
+        const bar = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(bw, bh, DEPTH * 0.8), sashMat)
+        bar.position.set(ox, oy, 0)
+        panel.add(bar)
+      }
+      mkBar(w, t, 0, h / 2 - t / 2)
+      mkBar(w, t, 0, -h / 2 + t / 2)
+      mkBar(t, h, -w / 2 + t / 2, 0)
+      mkBar(t, h, w / 2 - t / 2, 0)
+      group.add(panel)
+      sashRoot.add(group)
+
+      if (s.kind === 'sliding') {
+        // 推拉: 双扇前后轨交替, 沿 X 平移
+        group.position.set(cxr, cyr, k % 2 === 0 ? 0.012 : -0.012)
+        sashAnims.push({ group, kind: 'sliding', baseX: cxr, slideDir: k % 2 === 0 ? 1 : -1, hingeSign: 1, maxAng: 0, w })
+      } else {
+        // 平开/门: 铰链在 od 指向的对侧(箭头指向开启方向), 绕 Y 轴旋转
+        const odRad = ((s.od ?? 90) * Math.PI) / 180
+        const hingeLeft = Math.cos(odRad) >= 0 ? false : true // 箭头偏右→铰链在左
+        const hingeX = hingeLeft ? cxr - w / 2 : cxr + w / 2
+        group.position.set(hingeX, cyr, 0)
+        panel.position.set(cxr - hingeX, 0, 0)
+        const maxAng = (s.isDoor ? 75 : s.wtf ? 40 : 32) * Math.PI / 180
+        const dirSign = s.openToward === 'inward' ? 1 : -1
+        sashAnims.push({ group, kind: 'casement', baseX: hingeX, slideDir: 0, hingeSign: dirSign, maxAng, w })
+      }
+    })
+
+    // 静态外框（整体）
+    if (regions.length) {
+      const all = regions.map(r => regionPoints(r).length ? r : r).flat()
+      const bb = bboxOf(all.flatMap(seg => [seg.ps, seg.pe]))
+      const x0 = ((bb.x0) - cx) * S, x1 = ((bb.x1) - cx) * S
+      const y0 = ((bb.y0) - cy) * S, y1 = ((bb.y1) - cy) * S
+      const w = x1 - x0, h = y1 - y0
       const mk = (bw: number, bh: number, ox: number, oy: number) => {
         const bar = new THREE.Mesh(new THREE.BoxGeometry(bw, bh, DEPTH), frameMat)
-        bar.position.set(mx + ox, my + oy, 0)
-        scene!.add(bar)
+        bar.position.set((x0 + x1) / 2 + ox, (y0 + y1) / 2 + oy, 0)
+        frameGroup.add(bar)
       }
-      mk(w + fw * 2, fw, 0, h / 2 + fw / 2)          // 下(屏幕y翻转后为底)
-      mk(w + fw * 2, fw, 0, -h / 2 - fw / 2)         // 上
-      mk(fw, h, -w / 2 - fw / 2, 0)                  // 左
-      mk(fw, h, w / 2 + fw / 2, 0)                   // 右
+      mk(w + fw * 2, fw, 0, y1 + fw / 2)
+      mk(w + fw * 2, fw, 0, y0 - fw / 2)
+      mk(fw, h, x0 - fw / 2, 0)
+      mk(fw, h, x1 + fw / 2, 0)
     }
   }
 
-  // 地面参考网格（模型已归一化到 1 单位，网格取 2 单位）
+  hasOpenable.value = sashAnims.some(a => a.kind === 'sliding' || a.maxAng > 0)
   const grid = new THREE.GridHelper(2, 10, 0xc8cdd2, 0xdfe3e8)
   grid.position.y = -gh * S / 2 - DEPTH
   scene.add(grid)
@@ -124,9 +214,23 @@ function build(drawing: DrawingData) {
   info.value = `${Math.round(gw)} × ${Math.round(gh)} mm`
 }
 
+function applyOpen(t: number) {
+  curT = t
+  for (const a of sashAnims) {
+    if (a.kind === 'sliding') {
+      a.group.position.x = a.baseX + a.slideDir * a.w * 0.42 * t
+    } else {
+      a.group.rotation.y = a.hingeSign * a.maxAng * t
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 function loop() {
   raf = requestAnimationFrame(loop)
   if (!renderer || !scene || !camera) return
+  // 自动演示: 开合度按正弦摆动
+  const target = (autoPlay.value ? 50 + 50 * Math.sin(Date.now() / 1200) : openPct.value) / 100
+  applyOpen(curT + (target - curT) * 0.12)
   camera.position.set(
     orbit.target.x + orbit.dist * Math.sin(orbit.phi) * Math.sin(orbit.theta),
     orbit.target.y + orbit.dist * Math.cos(orbit.phi),
@@ -149,7 +253,6 @@ function onMove(e: MouseEvent) {
   const dx = e.clientX - dragging.x, dy = e.clientY - dragging.y
   dragging = { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY, button: dragging.button }
   if (dragging.button === 2) {
-    // 平移
     const pan = new THREE.Vector3().crossVectors(camera!.up, camera!.getWorldDirection(new THREE.Vector3()))
     orbit.target.addScaledVector(pan, -dx * orbit.dist * 0.001)
     orbit.target.y += dy * orbit.dist * 0.001
@@ -193,4 +296,8 @@ canvas { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; }
 .hud3d { position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 10px; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
   border-radius: 6px; padding: 4px 10px; font-size: 12px; color: #606266; display: flex; gap: 12px; }
 .hint { color: #b0b5bc; }
+.ctrl { position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); bottom: 12px;
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.92); border-radius: 10px; padding: 8px 14px;
+  display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: center; font-size: 12px; color: #606266;
+  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); }
 </style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/types/drawing.ts b/frontend/src/types/drawing.ts
index 77eb607..5f0a564 100644
--- a/frontend/src/types/drawing.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/types/drawing.ts
@@ -213,3 +213,90 @@ export function splitPolySegments(region: Segment[], axis: 'v' | 'h', pos: numbe
   if (polyA.length < 3 || polyB.length < 3) return null
   return { a: toSegs(polyA), b: toSegs(polyB) }
 }
+
+/** 扇推断结果（模型坐标，供 2D 符号绘制与 3D 开合动画共用） */
+export interface SashGlyph {
+  x0: number; y0: number; x1: number; y1: number
+  od: number
+  openToward?: string
+  isDoor?: boolean
+  wtf?: boolean
+  kind: 'sliding' | 'casement'
+}
+
+/**
+ * 扇样式推断: 有效bd → polyId区域(双扇对半) → 帧bbox按扇数竖向均分。
+ * 返回重放区域与推断出的扇矩形列表。
+ */
+export function inferSashGlyphs(shape: FrameShape, replayed?: Segment[][]): {
+  regions: Segment[][]
+  sashes: SashGlyph[]
+} {
+  const replay = replayed ?? replayShape(shape).regions
+  const regions = replay
+  const regionBBs = regions.map(r => bboxOf(regionPoints(r)))
+  const glyphs: SashGlyph[] = []
+  const bdRect = (bd: NonNullable<SashShape['bd']>) => {
+    const r = {
+      x0: Math.min(bd.from.x, bd.to.x), y0: Math.min(bd.from.y, bd.to.y),
+      x1: Math.max(bd.from.x, bd.to.x), y1: Math.max(bd.from.y, bd.to.y),
+    }
+    return !bd.hidden && r.x1 - r.x0 > 10 && r.y1 - r.y0 > 10 ? r : null
+  }
+  const kindOf = (sub: SashShape) => (sub.type === 'DoubleSash' ? 'sliding' : 'casement') as 'sliding' | 'casement'
+  const pushGlyphs = (r: { x0: number; y0: number; x1: number; y1: number }, entries: any[], sub: SashShape) => {
+    const kind = kindOf(sub)
+    for (const e of entries) {
+      glyphs.push({
+        x0: r.x0, y0: r.y0, x1: r.x1, y1: r.y1,
+        od: (e.od ?? sub.od ?? 90) as number,
+        openToward: (e.openToward ?? sub.openToward) as string | undefined,
+        isDoor: Boolean(e.isDoor ?? sub.isDoor),
+        wtf: Boolean(e.wtf ?? sub.wtf ?? sub.withTurningFrame),
+        kind,
+      })
+    }
+  }
+  const unmatched: { sub: SashShape; entries: any[] }[] = []
+  for (const sub of (shape.sm ?? []) as SashShape[]) {
+    const raw = (sub.sashes?.length ? sub.sashes : [sub]) as any[]
+    const entries = raw.filter(e => e && e.enabled !== false)
+    if (!entries.length) continue
+    const rect = sub.bd ? bdRect(sub.bd) : null
+    if (rect) { pushGlyphs(rect, entries, sub); continue }
+    const idx = sub.polyId?.idx
+    const rb = idx != null && regionBBs[idx] ? regionBBs[idx] : null
+    if (rb) {
+      if (entries.length === 2) {
+        const w = rb.x1 - rb.x0, h = rb.y1 - rb.y0
+        const halves = w >= h
+          ? [{ ...rb, x1: (rb.x0 + rb.x1) / 2 }, { ...rb, x0: (rb.x0 + rb.x1) / 2 }]
+          : [{ ...rb, y1: (rb.y0 + rb.y1) / 2 }, { ...rb, y0: (rb.y0 + rb.y1) / 2 }]
+        entries.forEach((e, k) => pushGlyphs(halves[k], [e], sub))
+      } else {
+        pushGlyphs(rb, entries, sub)
+      }
+    } else {
+      unmatched.push({ sub, entries })
+    }
+  }
+  if (unmatched.length && regions.length) {
+    const fb = bboxOf(regions.flat())
+    const K = unmatched.reduce((s, u) => s + u.entries.length, 0)
+    const colW = (fb.x1 - fb.x0) / K
+    let i = 0
+    for (const u of unmatched) {
+      for (const e of u.entries) {
+        glyphs.push({
+          x0: fb.x0 + i * colW, x1: fb.x0 + (i + 1) * colW, y0: fb.y0, y1: fb.y1,
+          od: (e.od ?? u.sub.od ?? 90) as number,
+          openToward: (e.openToward ?? u.sub.openToward) as string | undefined,
+          isDoor: Boolean(e.isDoor ?? u.sub.isDoor),
+          kind: kindOf(u.sub),
+        })
+        i++
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { regions, sashes: glyphs }
+}